Computer Basic and Hardware

Computer Hl C¢aq¡p h¡ Evf¢š

            Computer Hl A¡¢hú¡l A¡l Hl EeÀu­el ¢fR­e l­u­R j¡e¤­ol na hR­ll N­hoe¡ z ®N¡e¡-…e¢al T¡­jm¡ Hs¡­e¡l SeÉ fÊ¡Q£eL¡­m A¡¢hú«a qu AÉ¡h¡L¡p (Abacus- a wooden frame with balls strung on parallel wires ) e¡­jl HL¢V Nee¡k¿» z HV¡C q­m¡ fÊbj ¢X¢SV¡m h¡ AwL ¢i¢šL Nee¡k¿» z

            Computer Hl SeÈÙÛ¡e ®hm mÉ¡h­lVl£ A¡l SeÈc¡a¡ Q¡mÑp hÉ¡­hS e¡jL HLSe hª¢Vn ¢h‘¡e£ z Q¡mÑp hÉ¡­hS 1812 p¡­m hÉ¡­hS mN¡¢lcj ¢qp¡hpq N¡¢e¢aL ¢qp¡­hl SeÉ ¢Xg¡­l¾p C¢”e Hhw 1833 p¡­m AÉ¡e¡¢m¢VLÉ¡m C¢”e Eá¡he L­le z

            1896 p¡­m fÊ¢a¢ùa qu ¢hMÉ¡a Computer ®L¡Çf¡e£ IBM z 1937 p¡­m j¡LÑ-1 e¡­j HL¢V Computer A¡¢hú«a qu z Computer ¢V 51 g¤V mð¡ , 8 g¤V EyQ ¥ J  JSe 5 Ve z k¿»¡wn pw­k¡­Nl SeÉ fÊ­u¡Se qa 500 j¡Cm mð¡ a¡l z k¿»¢V Q¡m¤ ¢Rm j¡œ f­el hRl z a­h HMeJ fÊbj Computer ¢q­p­h pwl¢ra A¡­R q¡iÑ¡X ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m­u z           

What is Computer ?

            L¢ÇfEV¡l HL¢V C­mLVÊ¢e„ k¿» k¡q¡ abÉ fÊ¢œ²u¡ Ll­el L¡­S hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu z A¡¢id¡¢eL A­bÑ Computer HL¢V ¢qp¡hL¡l£ h¡ Nee¡L¡l£ k¿» zk¢cJ ¢qp¡h­L p¡j­e ®l­MC Computer Hl k¡œ¡ öl¦ ab¡¢f A¡d¤¢eL Computer ®L öd¤ ¢qp¡hL¡l£ k¿» ¢qp¡­h NZÉ Ll¡ ¢WL q­h e¡ z L¡le A¡S­Ll Computer ¢qp¡h R¡s¡J ¢h¢ieÀ L¡­S hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q­u b¡­L z ®kje x N­hoe¡ , ¢Q¢Lvp¡ , ¢nr¡ , ¢ejÑ¡Z L¡S , A¢gp hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ , p¡j¢lL CaÉ¡¢c A¡lJ A­eL L¡­S hÉhq¡l q­u b¡­L zHL Lb¡u Computer HL¢V cʦaN¢a pÇfeÀ Hhw ¢eiѧm Data Manipulation Electronic System k¡q¡ abÉ NÊqe J pwlre L­l Hhw Process L­l ¢e­cÑn Ae¤k¡u£ Output h¡ Result fÊc¡e L­l a¡q¡­LC Computer hm¡ qu z

Generation of Computers ( L¢ÇfEV¡­ll ¢h¢ieÀ fÊSeÈ )

           

            fÊbj fÊSeÈ        1946 p¡m ®b­L 1957 p¡m fkÑ¿¹

            ¢àa£u fÊSeÈ      1958 p¡m ®b­L 1965 p¡m fkÑ¿¹

            a«a£u fÊSeÈ      1966 p¡m ®b­L 1971 p¡m fkÑ¿¹

            Qa¤bÑ fÊSeÈ       1972 p¡m ®b­L haÑj¡e fkÑ¿¹

            f’j fÊSeÈ      haÑj¡e q­a i¢hoÉv

Computer Hl fÊL¡l­ic x

            L¡­Sl dle fL«¢al Efl ¢i¢š L­l Computer ­L ¢ae i¡­N i¡N Ll¡ q­u­R z ®kje x

            1 z HÉ¡e¡mN L¢ÇfEV¡l ( Analog Computer )

            2 z ¢X¢SV¡m L¢ÇfEV¡l ( Digital Computer)

            3 z q¡C¢hÊX h¡ ¢jnÊ fÜ¢al L¢ÇfEV¡l( Hybrid Computer )

A¡L¡l , A¡uae , A¡L«¢a Hhw rja¡l Efl ¢i¢š L­l ®nÊe£¢hi¡N x

A¡L¡l , A¡uae J A¡L«¢a Hhw rja¡l ¢i¢š­a ¢X¢SV¡m L¢ÇfEV¡l­L Q¡l¢V ®nÊe£­a i¡N Ll¡ q­u­R z kb¡x    

            1 z p¤f¡l L¢ÇfEV¡l

            2 z ®jCe­éj L¢ÇfEV¡l

            3 z ¢j¢e- L¢ÇfEV¡l

            4 z j¡C­œ²¡-L¢ÇfEV¡l h¡ f¡­pÑ¡e¡m L¢ÇfEV¡l         

Computer ¢Li¡­h L¡S L­l ?

            Computer L¡S L­l j§max Q¡l¢V d¡­f zd¡f…­m¡ q­m¡x Input(pwNÊq) , Storage(pwlre) , Process (fÊ­pp h¡ fÊ¢œ²u¡S¡a) J Output(A¡EVf¤V h¡ gm¡gm ) z

Computer Hl °h¢nøÉ x

            Computer HL¢V C­mLVÊ¢eL k¿» z AbÑ¡v ¢hc¤É­al p¡q¡­kÉ Q­m zC­mLVÊ¢eL A¡­l¡ A­eL k¿» A¡­R z¢L¿¹¤  Computer Hl ¢LR¤ ¢LR¤ °h¢nùÉ A¡­R k¡ AeÉ¡eÉ C­mLVÊ¢eL k¿» ®b­L A¡m¡c¡ Computer Hl E­õM­k¡NÉ cn¢V °h¢nøÉ ¢e­jÀ ®cJu¡ q­m¡ x

            1 z c¤ÊaN¢a (High Speed )

            2 z ¢ei§Ñma¡ (Correctness )

            3 z p§ra¡ (Accuracy )

            4 z ¢hnÄ¡p­k¡NÉa¡ (Reliability )

            5 z LÓ¡¢¿¹q£ea¡ ( Diligence )

            6 z üª¢an¢š²(Memory )

            7 z üuw¢œ²ua¡ (Automation )

            8 z k¤¢š²pwNa ¢pÜ¡¿¹ (Logical Decision )

            9 z hýj§¢Ma¡ (Versatility )

            10 z Ap£j S£he£n¢š²(Endless Life )

Computer Hl Input Device:

Input Device Hje HL¢V Device k¡l j¡dÉ­j hÉhq¡lL¡l£ a¡l abÉpj§q­L Computer H fÊ­hn Ll¡­e¡l  p¤­k¡N f¡u zComputer Hl p¡­b hÉhq¡lL¡l£l  HC ®k¡N¡­k¡N­L hm¡ qu Man – to – Machine Interface .

Computer Hl ¢h¢ieÀ dl­el Input Device A¡­R ®kje x Keyboard , Mouse , Light pen , Scanner , Digital Camera , Microphone CaÉ¡¢c z

Computer Hl Output Device:

Output Device Hl j¡dÉ­j HLSe hÉhq¡lL¡l£ a¡l pjÙ¹ abÉ Computer ®b­L ®f­u b¡­L z Computer Hl p¡­b hÉhq¡lL¡l£l HC Communication h¡ ®k¡N¡­k¡N­L hm¡ qu Machine – to – Man Interface . Computer Hl ¢h¢ieÀ dl­el Output Device A¡­R ¢e­jÀ L­uL¢Vl e¡j ®cJu¡ q­m¡ x

­kje x

            Monitor

            Printer

Speaker

CaÉ¡¢c z

Computer Memory x

            Cw­lS£ Memory n­ël AbÑ q­m¡ üª¢a h¡ üª¢an¢š² z Computer Hl Memory q­m¡ üª¢a lr­Zl ÙÛ¡e k¡ Computer H üª¢a n¢š² ¢q­p­h L¡S L­l Hje EfLle z HC A­bÑ CD ROM , HDD , DVD CaÉ¡¢c ph¢LR¤C Memory z Computer ¢h‘¡e£l¡ Memory HC pwN¡ ®j­e ¢e­uJ CD ROM , HDD , DVD CaÉ¡¢c­L  abÉ pwlr­Zl ÙÛ¡e ¢qp¡­h ¢h­hQe¡ L­l b¡­Le z fr¡¿¹­l ¢h‘¡e£l¡ RAM ®LC Memory ¢q­p­h A¡­m¡Qe¡C a¤­m A¡­ee zComputer Hl EfLlZ p¡jNÊ£ °al£L¡lL fÊ¢aù¡e…­m¡ fÊ­u¡Se p¡­f­r RAM ®L ¢pp­Vj ®j­j¡l£ h¡ öd¤ RAM ¢q­p­h ¢h­h¢Qa L­l b¡­Le z

Memory Unit  Hl  fÊL¡l­ic x

            Computer Memory p¡d¡lZa c¤C fÊL¡l x

            1 z Primary Memory (RAM , ROM )

            2 z Secondary Memory (HDD , FDD , CD , DVD )

Primary Memory :

          RAM  (Random Access Memory) x RAM q­m¡ HL¢V AÙÛ¡u£ Memory ¢qp¡­h hÉ¡hq¡l Ll¡ k¡u Hje q¡XÑJuÉ¡l p¡jNÊ£ z HC üª¢a AÙÛ¡u£ , a¡l L¡lZ q­m¡ - L¢ÇfEV¡­ll RAM H ®k üª¢a l¢ra qu  , a¡ Computer hå Ll­m Q­m k¡u z 

ROM ( Read Only Memory ) x Computer Hl Memory Aw­n Computer ®L fÊ¡b¢jL i¡­h f¢lQ¡me¡ pwœ²¡¿¹ abÉ¡hm£ Hhw ®L¡X ¢m¢fhÜ b¡­L z H¢V HL¢V ÙÛ¡u£ Memory h¡ üª¢a zComputer H ¢hc¤Év plhl¡q hå L­l ¢c­mJ HC Memory ®a l¢ra abÉ¡hm£ j¤­R k¡u e¡ zHC ®j­j¡¢l­a ¢LR¤ ®j±¢mL h¡ A¢afË­u¡Se£u Øq¡u£ ¢e­cÑn b¡­L, k¡q¡ HL¢V L¢ÇfEV¡­l p¤CQ Ae Ll¡l SeÉ hÉhq©a quz L¢ÇfEV¡l ®~al£l pju gÉ¡­ƒ¡¢l ®b­L  ROM H Hph Øq¡u£ Hhw Af¢lhaÑe£u ¢e­cÑn¡hm£ p¢æ­h¢na L­l ®cJu¡ quz¢e­jÀ ROM Hl ¢Qœ ®cJu¡ q­m¡ x

BIOS ¢L ?

Basic Input Output System h¡ BIOS q­µR HL dl­el Chip orHardware ®kM¡­e ¢LR¤ Special Instruction h¡ Program Load Ll¡ b¡­L z ­L¡e Hardware Hl j­dÉ k¢c Software h¡ Program built-in b¡­L a­h a¡­L ®L¡e Frimware h­m z HC SeÉ BIOS ®L ¡­eL pju Frimware J hm¡ qu z

System Unit (¢pp­Vj CE¢eV ) x

System Unit HL¢V h¡„ h¡ ®M¡mp z Hl j­dÉ f¡Ju¡l p¡fÔ¡C CE¢eV J L¢ÇfEV¡­ll pLm …l¦aÆf§ZÑ fÊ­u¡Se£u k¿»¡wn p¢‹a b¡­L z ¢e­jÀ ¢Q­œl p¡q¡­kÉ ®cM¡­e¡ q­m¡x

HL¢V ¢pp­Vj CE¢e­Vl ¢ia­l  p¡d¡lea ¢e­jÀl Hardware …­m¡ ¢hcÉj¡e b¡­L x

1 z Mother Board

2 z HDD ( Hard Disk Drive )

3 z FDD ( Floppy Disk Drive )

4 z Video Card h¡ VGA Card

5 z Sound Card

6 z Power Supply Unit

7 z CD / DVD ROM

8 z RAM

9 z Processor  

Processore ¢L ?

pjÙ¹ Personal Computer HL¢V ¢h­no Electronic Circuit Hl Efl ¢i¢š L­l L¡S b¡­L k¡­L Microprocessore h¡ Processore h­m z Microprocessore HL¢V Large Scale Integrated Circuit (IC) ¢h­no z fÊ­aL¢V Microprocessore H ¢h­no dl­el Built-in Memory A¡­R k¡­L Resister h­m ®kM¡­e Microprocessore a¡l pjÙ¹  Data Manipulation Hhw Calculation pÇfeÀ L­l z ®kje - c¤C¢V pwMÉ¡­L ®k¡N Ll¡l SeÉ fÊbj Number ¢V Resister H Sj¡ qu a¡l fl ¢àa£u pwMÉ¡¢V a¡l p¡­b ®k¡N qu zHC Resister …¢m ¢hieÀ bit Hl q­u b¡­L ®kje - 16bit , 32bit , 64bit Hhw HC bit pwMÉ¡l Efl ¢i¢š L­l ¢h¢ieÀ Processore Hl Performance ¢edÑ¡le Ll¡ qu z

Computer Hardware ¢L ?

          Hardware hm­a Computer Hl Physical components ( k¿»¡wn pj§q ) ®L h¤T¡u z hÉfL A­bÑ Computer Hl L¡­Sl p¢qa Related pLm Internal h¡ External k¿»¡wn pj§q­L h¤T¡u z                               

­kje x

            Monitor

            Keyboard

            Mouse

            Printer CaÉ¡¢c z 

Software ¢L  ?

­L¡e pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡­el SeÉ Computer Hl i¡o¡u ®k p¡¢lhÜ h¡ p¤nªwMm ¢e­cÑ­nl pj¢ø b¡®L a¡­cl­L hm¡ qu Software z A¡lJ hÉ¡fL i¡­h hm¡ k¡u - ®k ¢e­cÑn pj§­ql L¡l­e q¡XÑJuÉ¡l pj§q pj§q ü ü L¡kÑ pj¡d¡e L­l ®pC ¢e­cÑn pj§q­L p¢jÈ¢mai¡­h Software hm¡ qu z AbÑ¡v Software q­µR ¢e­cÑn pj¤­ql ¢m¢Ma g¡Cm h¡ g¡Cm pj§q h¡ ®fÊ¡NÊ¡j k¡q¡ q¡XÑJuÉ¡l Hl j¡dÉ­j p¢œ²u q­u E­W z

Software Hl fÊL¡l®ic x

pLm dl­el Software ­L ¢ae¢V i¡­N i¡N Ll¡ q­u­R  ®kjex

1 z System Software :

L ) Windows 95 , Windows 98 , Windows Millennium , Windows 2000 , Windows XP , Windows Vista , Windows 7 .

M ) Linux , Unix

N ) MS DOS .

2 z Application Software :

L) MS Word

M ) MS Excel

N ) MS Power Point 

O )MS Paint

P ) MS Access etc.

3 z Utility Software :

L) Win amp

M ) Power DVD

N ) Windows Media Player   

Operating System  : ¢L ?  

Af¡­l¢Vw ¢pp­Vj q­µR ®fÊ¡NÊ¡j pj§­ql pj¢ø k¡ Computer Hl L¡kÑ ¢eu¿»e L­l b¡­L zHL¢V Proper Computer Hl SeÉ ¢e­jÀl ¢ae¢V Component AaÉ¿¹ fÊ­u¡Se£u z

                                    1 z Hardware

                                    2 z Software

                                    3 z Operating System

 Thanks....